I can see the coaster manufacture by viewing the track structure, the type and the power they run on. (Many usually don't provide the manufactaurer's name)
In inverted roller coasters, B&M's typically have a cover encasing the wheels attached to the top of the rail (Some of them include themes).
(Minor note, sometimes, especially with Bolliger's rides, they may fill the track with sand to dampen the noise)
For launch & hydrualic coasters, many of them are produced by Intamin, can't always assume this however, such as with smaller rides like Full Throttle (LIM/LSM).
Virtually all floating roller coasters like Rogarou are produced by B&M.
Many Vekoma's are boomerangs or share a similar trait to a boomerang coaster.
Gerstauer often uses a very simple ladder track (looks like a track for a train).
For Zamperla's, while they don't typically produce many coasters, they make mostly flat rides that often swing (Pendulum) and some others.
Large hypercoasters are produced by many brands, so can't really explain for that.
Hope it helps!